Don’t Sleep, There Are Snakes by Daniel Everett

I just finished the book Don’t Sleep, There Are Snakes: Life and Language in the Amazonian Jungle by Daniel L. Everett. Thank you to Perran for recommending it.

A riveting account of the astonishing experiences and discoveries made by linguist Daniel Everett while he lived with the Pirahã, a small tribe of Amazonian Indians in central Brazil.

Everett, then a Christian missionary, arrived among the Pirahã in 1977–with his wife and three young children–intending to convert them. What he found was a language that defies all existing linguistic theories and reflects a way of life that evades contemporary understanding: The Pirahã have no counting system and no fixed terms for color. They have no concept of war or of personal property. They live entirely in the present. Everett became obsessed with their language and its cultural and linguistic implications, and with the remarkable contentment with which they live–so much so that he eventually lost his faith in the God he’d hoped to introduce to them.

Over three decades, Everett spent a total of seven years among the Pirahã, and his account of this lasting sojourn is an engrossing exploration of language that questions modern linguistic theory. It is also an anthropological investigation, an adventure story, and a riveting memoir of a life profoundly affected by exposure to a different culture. Written with extraordinary acuity, sensitivity, and openness, it is fascinating from first to last, rich with unparalleled insight into the nature of language, thought, and life itself.

I read the book hoping to find some evidence either supporting or contradicting Ajit Varki’s MORT theory. It was an enjoyable and very interesting read. The author is smart, articulate, and an engaging expert on languages and anthropology.

Everett describes in detail the Pirahã (pronounced Pita-hah) which is (was?) a rare tribe whose culture has (had?) not yet been significantly modified or subsumed by contact with modern industrial civilization.

The Pirahã are unusual in that they have no origin myths or well defined religion, although they do believe in spirits, but Everett was very vague on how these spirits influence their culture. The Pirahã have no interest in, and resist conversion to, other religions like Christianity.

I was most interested to learn whether the Pirahã believe in life after death because this is central to Varki’s MORT theory. I found it very odd that the author, a former Christian missionary, would discuss almost everything about their culture except their belief, or lack thereof, in life after death. Everett did say the Pirahã bury their dead with the few valuable items they own, which to me suggests they do believe in life after death, otherwise why not keep the wealth for the living?

I found it difficult to identify Pirahã behaviors that suggested they do or do not deny unpleasant realities. Perhaps this is a side effect of them living in the moment and therefore having many fewer unpleasant things to deny.

In summary then, with respect to support for or against Varki’s MORT theory, I’d say there was evidence for denial of death, but not much else.

The book offered, as a pleasant surprise, some genuine inspiration on how to lead a happier and more sustainable life.

The behavior of the Pirahã suggests that the Maximum Power Principle (MPP) may not be a primary driver in all human cultures, as I had previously assumed. The Pirahã work hard to acquire enough resources to survive, and will fight to protect those resources if necessary, but do not acquire nor desire more resources than required to survive.

The Pirahã live in and enjoy the moment. They do not obsess about bad events in the past. They do not worry about the future. They forgive quickly. They laugh, tell stories, and dance. They are proud of their way of life. Everyone is expected and does contribute to the tribe, unless they are physically unable, in which case the tribe looks after them.

I very much like stories with happy endings and this book delivered. Everett began his work as a devout missionary trying to convert the Pirahã to Christianity. Over time his scientific training that required evidence based reasoning, and the obvious fact that the Pirahã led happy fulfilling lives without Jesus, caused Everett to abandon Christianity and become an atheist. Hallelujah!

I wish the Pirahã would turn the table and send out missionaries to convert the 8 billion lost souls that need salvation.

P.S. Everett did a nice take-down of Noam Chomsky’s linguistic theories, which I enjoyed, because Chomsky irritates me as yet another famous polymath who knows a lot about everything, except what matters.

P.P.S I’ve started another book by Daniel Everett, How Language Began: The Story of Humanity’s Greatest Invention.

P.P.P.S. Here are a few videos of Everett talking about the Pirahã.

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78 Comments

Apneaman
Apneaman
August 3, 2020 5:17 pm

“To cite one example of needless war from the last century, consider America’s horrendous years of fighting in Vietnam and a critical lesson drawn first hand from that conflict by reporter Jonathan Schell. “In Vietnam,” he noted, “I learned about the capacity of the human mind to build a model of experience that screens out even very dramatic and obvious realities.”

As a young journalist covering the war, Schell saw that the US was losing, even as its military was destroying startlingly large areas of South Vietnam in the name of saving it from communism. Yet America’s leaders, the “best and brightest” of the era, almost to a man refused to see that all of what passed for realism in their world, when it came to that war, was nothing short of a first-class lie.

Why? Because believing is seeing and they desperately wanted to believe that they were the good guys, as well as the most powerful guys on the planet. America was winning, it practically went without saying, because it had to be. They were infected by their own version of an all-American victory culture, blinded by a sense of the United States’ obvious destiny to be the most exceptional and exceptionally triumphant nation on this planet.”

https://asiatimes.com/2020/07/americas-war-on-its-own-democracy/

Perran
Perran
Reply to  Rob Mielcarski
August 5, 2020 5:28 am

Richard Heimberg’s book “The party’s over” has a special place on my bookshelf. It was the first book I read on resource depletion. The year was 2006. I didn’t know what I was getting myself into. I’ve never recovered 🙂.

Bill R.
Bill R.
Reply to  Rob Mielcarski
August 5, 2020 9:11 am

At least Heinberg, born in 1950, never personally reproduced. He’s an extreme rarity in the groups involving doomers/environmentalists/scientists/anybody intellectually capable of understanding the math behind exponential growth. The very few, off the top of my head, who have taken the overpopulation topic seriously by having zero kids are the following [a pathetically short list]:

Alice Friedemann, born in mid-1950s
Dennis and Donella Meadows, born in 1942 and 1941, respectively
Terry Tempest Williams, born in 1955
Chris Packham, born in 1961
Guy McPherson, born in 1960
Sam Mitchell, born in 1959
Les U. Knight, born in late 1940s

Paul Ehrlich, born in 1932, had one daughter in 1955, years before he became aware and wrote his book; unfortunately, she went on to have three daughters, who have provided her with numerous grandchildren. Pentti Linkola, born in 1932, had two daughters, born in 1961 and 1963, years before overpopulation hit the news. His daughters were much wiser and certainly more empathetic, since they chose to have zero children.

Bill R.
Bill R.
Reply to  Rob Mielcarski
August 5, 2020 10:50 am

Unfortunately, I could give you a long list of those who were quite aware of overpopulation and still chose to bring children to a dying planet. I would do so now, but I’m in a very good mood today and don’t want to ruin it, ha ha!

However, I’ll leave this May 2020 Vandara Shiva/David Suzuki video here. Somebody made this accurate comment about them:

I find it perfectly obvious that we’re in a predicament that will never be resolved, so I don’t need to waste my time reading her book or watching the video. So she’s a “major overpopulation denier”? Repellent. She’s in good company with Suzuki, however, since he pretends to be an environmentalist while having sired five children, two well after overpopulation came to the front burner of public awareness. He’s up to at least six grandchildren now.

Thanks for discussing THE most important, most moral topic there is . . .

Perran
Perran
July 25, 2020 2:04 am

An interesting article on Alice Friedman’s blog. http://energyskeptic.com/2020/methane-apocalypse-not-certain/

While it’s nice to know we’re not going to boil even 2 degrees warming will push many ecosystems over the edge. Where I live the alpine ecosystems only inhabit the last 100 to 300 metres of the mountain top. In a world that’s 2 degrees warmer 90 percent of those ecosystems will disappear. There’s no where higher up to go.

Apneaman
Apneaman
July 19, 2020 2:09 pm

Humans aren’t designed to be happy – so stop trying

“A huge happiness and positive thinking industry, estimated to be worth US$11 billion a year, has helped to create the fantasy that happiness is a realistic goal. Chasing the happiness dream is a very American concept, exported to the rest of the world through popular culture. Indeed, “the pursuit of happiness” is one of the US’s “unalienable rights”. Unfortunately, this has helped to create an expectation that real life stubbornly refuses to deliver.

Because even when all our material and biological needs are satisfied, a state of sustained happiness will still remain a theoretical and elusive goal, …”

“Humans are not designed to be happy, or even content. Instead, we are designed primarily to survive and reproduce, like every other creature in the natural world. A state of contentment is discouraged by nature because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.

The fact that evolution has prioritised the development of a big frontal lobe in our brain (which gives us excellent executive and analytical abilities) over a natural ability to be happy, tells us a lot about nature’s priorities.”

https://theconversation.com/humans-arent-designed-to-be-happy-so-stop-trying-119262

Perran
Perran
Reply to  Apneaman
July 19, 2020 3:39 pm

I’ve read a few books about “wild” people over the years. From this I’ve come to the conclusion that while the stone age was definitely not some sort of utopia most (not all) of our wild ancestors lived contented happy lives. The piraha are just one example.
Having said that, I’m fairly certain that the coming stone age will contain vast amounts of misery.

Apneaman
Apneaman
July 19, 2020 2:04 pm


Interview
James Lovelock: ‘The biosphere and I are both in the last 1% of our lives’

On the eve of his 101st birthday, the father of the Gaia theory discusses Covid-19, extreme weather… and freezing hamsters

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jul/18/james-lovelock-the-biosphere-and-i-are-both-in-the-last-1-per-cent-of-our-lives

Perran
Perran
Reply to  Apneaman
July 21, 2020 8:25 pm

“Yes, we developed a method of freezing hamsters so they were lumps of ice that you could bang on the table. Then we would bring them back to life in one of the first microwave ovens that existed. It turned out the reasons the hamsters could survive and other animals could not was that their fat had freezing points well below that of water.”
I bet budding young scientists don’t perform these sort of experiments today!

Apneaman
Apneaman
July 19, 2020 1:59 pm

Rob, I agree with “A lot of the anger in society seems to be rooted in citizens knowing they are being lied to and that their wishes are ignored by the powerful regardless of party.” but what I mean by “..our shit show would be a worse shit show if the majority of citizens understood what’s going on.” is if they understood at the root. Meaning we would be screwed even if we had the most honest leadership & equatable pie sharing society imaginable because we would still be in unprecedented overshoot. Our oligarchs would be multi millionaires instead of multi billionaires and deplorables would have good paying factory jobs, new trucks & less debt & the middle class would not have shrunk so much – the energy gets dissipated nonetheless. The MPP don’t care about how the energy is split amongst individuals within any biological system. As long as enough worker bee-wage slave’s share of the energy pie is enough to maintain them their tribe/system/colony will continue. If they can’t maintain their level due to infighting over the split & it causes a system wide reduction in energy use or their collapse, another tribe will pick up the difference as long as it’s available. The MPP is non negotiable. It’s law. When I look at Jay Hanson’s OVERSHOOT LOOP: Evolution Under The Maximum Power Principle, it’s pretty clear that is exactly what’s happening. Consider BLM, ProudBoys, anti-maskers, Woke iconoclasts & all the other recently formed subtribes & coalitions. Then look at the steps in the loop:

“Eventually, members of the weakest group (high or low rank) are forced to “disperse.”[6] Those members of the weak group who do not disperse are killed,[7] enslaved, or in modern times imprisoned. By most estimates, 10 to 20 percent of all the people who lived in Stone-Age societies died at the hands of other humans.[8] The process of overshoot, followed by forced dispersal, may be seen as a sort of repetitive pumping action — a collective behavioral loop — that drove humans into every inhabitable niche of our planet.”

Here is a synopsis of the behavioral loop described above:

Step 1. Individuals and groups evolved a bias to maximize fitness by maximizing power, which requires over-reproduction and/or over-consumption of natural resources (overshoot), whenever systemic constraints allow it. Differential power generation and accumulation result in a hierarchical group structure.

Step 2. Energy is always limited, so overshoot eventually leads to decreasing power available to the group, with lower-ranking members suffering first.

Step 3. Diminishing power availability creates divisive subgroups within the original group. Low-rank members will form subgroups and coalitions to demand a greater share of power from higher-ranking individuals, who will resist by forming their own coalitions to maintain power.

Step 4. Violent social strife eventually occurs among subgroups who demand a greater share of the remaining power.

Step 5. The weakest subgroups (high or low rank) are either forced to disperse to a new territory, are killed, enslaved, or imprisoned.

Step 6. Go back to step 1.

The above loop was repeated countless thousands of times during the millions of years that we were evolving[9]. This behavior is inherent in the architecture of our minds — is entrained in our biological material — and will be repeated until we go extinct. Carrying capacity will decline[10] with each future iteration of the overshoot loop, and this will cause human numbers to decline until they reach levels not seen since the Pleistocene.

http://www.jayhanson.org/loop.htm

What the groups stated mandates are does not matter. They could be based on any grievance, real or imagined, because they are just proxies for “WE WANT MORE PIE”.

More from Hanson…“Organisms evolved a bias to maximize fitness by maximizing power. With greater power, there is greater opportunity to allocate energy to reproduction and survival, and therefore, an organism that captures and utilizes more energy than another organism in a population will have a fitness advantage.

Individual organisms cooperate to form social groups and generate more power. Differential power generation and accumulation result in a hierarchical group structure.

“Politics” is power used by social organisms to control others. Not only are human groups never alone, they cannot control their neighbors’ behavior. Each group must confront the real possibility that its neighbors will grow its numbers and attempt to take resources from them. Therefore, the best political tactic for groups to survive in such a milieu is not to live in ecological balance with slow growth, but to grow rapidly and be able to fend off and take resources from others[5].”

If every human was born knowing this it would change nothing.

It’s all about power & survival. The beliefs – religion, ideology, tribalism, morality are just pretexts to justify dominance & whatever actions are necessary to gain it. Peculiar to humans & their abstract brains & hyper sociality. With or without pretexts the survival competition goes on. There is no real choice & that fact along with their mortality is too much for most people & is the mother of denial & the other cognitive biases – evolution’s box of band-aids.

Ken Barrows
Ken Barrows
Reply to  Rob Mielcarski
July 21, 2020 11:52 am

Thanks for posting, but a message about overshoot would NOT resonate well, IMO. Denial rules. Dr. Weinstein said a political message for the public would be successful. Perhaps it might, but I doubt it would deviate from the maximum power principle. Imagine the message: cut your plane trips, fewer people with a car, turn down the thermostat, et cetera. A message that we have to share the pain could not include these things.

Apneaman
Apneaman
July 18, 2020 11:49 am

BOOK REVIEW 30 October 2019

The rise of the greedy-brained ape
Gaia Vince takes an enjoyable sprint through human evolution — Tim Radford reviews.

“How did we do it? Vince examines, for instance, our access to and use of energy. Other primates must chew for five hours a day to survive. Humans do so for no more than an hour. We are active 16 hours a day, a tranche during which other mammals sleep. We learn by blind variation and selective retention. Vince proposes that our ancestors enhanced that process of learning from each other with the command of fire: it is 10 times more efficient to eat cooked meat than raw, and heat releases 50% of all the carbohydrates in cereals and tubers.

Thus Homo sapiens secured survival and achieved dominance by exploiting extra energy. The roughly 2,000 calories ideally consumed by one human each day generates about 90 watts: enough energy for one incandescent light bulb. At the flick of a switch or turn of a key, the average human now has access to roughly 2,300 watts of energy from the hardware that powers our lives — and the richest have much more.”

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03084-4

NomadicBeer
NomadicBeer
July 17, 2020 1:01 pm

Rob, I started reading your posts recently but I have a question about MORT.
I agree that the theory is a good way to explain human behavior and it can be useful to us on a personal level – we don’t have to get so frustrated with people reactions if we understand the reasons for them.

My doubt is about the impact of MORT theory on collapse. Obviously other animals and bacteria have had overshoot and collapse. So we cannot say that MORT causes collapse. We cannot even say that there is an alternative once we understand MORT – the max power principle guarantees that people that consume more will thrive more (at least in the short term).

Is there any other reason to justify the importance of MORT?
Thanks!

NomadicBeer
NomadicBeer
Reply to  Rob Mielcarski
July 19, 2020 1:08 am

Rob said:
“Unfortunately this won’t happen because denial of denial is the strongest form of denial, and I expect MORT will never be broadly acknowledged.”

I think I am starting to understand. Even if MORT only allows me to stay calm and ignore the sports cars and motorcycles racing through my quiet little street then I am thankful!

But yes, it would be nice if there was a feedback loop that allowed people to understand their own denial and then grow from there to overcome the denial.
I don’t believe in free will but the only way I could imagine it might work is like one of those chaotic iterative math functions that cannot be predicted – the only to see what happen is to iterate step by step.

It’s the same with our minds – if we can take a step in the right direction (understand our limitation) then react to it by trying something new and then iterate it – if this process is not blocked by denial of denial then yes we might be able to change our nature.

Some monks do it – so why not everybody? I know, it’s a rhetorical question.

Thanks again for the great discussion!

Apneaman
Apneaman
Reply to  Rob Mielcarski
July 17, 2020 3:51 pm

Perhaps they are ignorant of declining surplus energy. In reality, there are very few people like us who have spent such huge amounts of time educating themselves on the host of subjects that make up the complex systems of civilization, the biosphere & their interconnections & interdependencies. Plus history, evolution, evolutionary psychology, etc.

You know what the Kruger-Dunning effect is? The stupid lack the necessary skills it takes to determine that they lack said skills & knowledge. There is an observed flip side to that. Those who posses the skills & knowledge tend to underestimate themselves compared to average people. Me & you are freaks. We’re obsessives. Ok there are other obsessives – money, sex, gambling, food, celebrity watching, etc, but there are fewer of us big picture obsessives than any other cult and for good reason. One, it’s too depressing & triggers anxiety in many, and two, it’s scholarly – tons of time reading & contemplating & making connections.

How many actual live humans have you met that you can converse with on all these topics? I’ve met one. A maths professor from Vancouver Island. I’ve met a few who were interested listeners, but that’s more teaching than conversing. Mostly it’s been denial, anger, silence & subject changing which is why I have not bothered in years. I think MORT predicts these responses.

MORT + MPP = talking, teaching, preaching, warning are a waste of time. You did the only things you can by hanging up your own shingle (blog) so others like-minded may find you and finding the few others who have done the same.

After enough shit hits & it is indisputable that our living arrangements are gone & not coming back then you will have many who will be willing to listen, but for survival, not out of curiosity.

IMO, if the masses truly understood the power of inertia – climate + dieoff + net energy principle, they’d just go deeper into denial, magical thinking & wilful ignorance. There is no version of the future that’s not a horror show.

Apneaman
Apneaman
Reply to  Rob Mielcarski
July 17, 2020 2:32 pm

My favourite car I owned was like that – 1969 Beaumont

David Pursel
David Pursel
Reply to  Rob Mielcarski
July 16, 2020 5:00 pm

It simply cannot be overstated that without a massive, rapid reduction in human population all of the commonly accepted goals towards a more sustainable existence on the planet are nearly (if not completely) impossible to satisfy. And that doing so with the least possible amount of suffering (likely to be colossal, regardless) should be the highest priority for our species. The denial of this reality by 95 percent (maybe less, maybe more, but certainly the vast, vast majority) of humans is a supreme validation of MORT. Your repeated emphasis on this astoundingly important topic never fails to inspire and encourage me, as nearly everywhere else I’m met with extremely defensive positions and hostility when discussing it.

I need to search un-Denial more thoroughly to locate content describing how it is that a small minority of humans deny reality less than the average (and sometimes very significantly less). I’m struggling to understand how some of us have come to be less affected by MORT. Has MORT just not had enough time yet to completely infiltrate the human nervous system, and thus the human intellect, via evolution? Or were some humans 100,000 years ago not, or not as much, affected by MORT which has carried through successive generations until the present allowing for a minority to still more accurately comprehend reality?

required
required
Reply to  David Pursel
July 25, 2020 1:59 pm

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Apneaman
Apneaman
July 15, 2020 12:01 pm

Have you seen this great Carlin bit where he exposes Anglo denial language?

Apneaman
Apneaman
Reply to  Rob Mielcarski
July 15, 2020 1:17 pm

The minds & behaviour of the energy degraders gets simpler too. Regression.

Perran
Perran
July 15, 2020 12:15 am

I used to read Dave Pollard’s blog regularly. He’s written quite prolifically on our predicament but in the last couple of years he’s started writing about radical non duality. I don’t really get it and frankly I think it’s probably horse shit. However Dave is a smart guy so I don’t feel like I can simply dismiss the theory. I’d be interested to hear your opinion. Here’s his latest
https://howtosavetheworld.ca/2020/07/12/evolutions-misstep/

Apneaman
Apneaman
Reply to  Rob Mielcarski
July 14, 2020 10:27 pm

The moral of the story is that if someone pisses on your leg, urine big trouble. Hopefully, none of the pee bounces off you thigh and makes it’s way to Uranus.

David Pursel
David Pursel
July 9, 2020 8:26 pm

Rob, you’re on fire with your recent posts and comments. Thank you for your consistently excellent work here. I learn so much here which expands and deepens my understanding of many supremely important topics you present and which speak to present reality. I also appreciate the comments from others here as the general quality of them is also very good.

I am primarily here to learn, and though I should comment more often you and others set a pretty high bar to meet so I stay pretty quiet (with a few exceptions 😉). Just wanted to let you know I read, appreciate, and benefit from every post.

Perran
Perran
July 8, 2020 12:51 am

I think I might need to read the book again and read his other books. He’s certainly got some interesting talks. Thanks for the links.
It certainly had an impact on me when I read it the first time.

Hamish McGregor
July 7, 2020 4:05 am

Typo : “… expect what matters.” Should be except.